Using Zero-Knowledge Proofs to Verify Machine Learning Algorithms On-Chain
Blockchains have incentivized zero-knowledge proof research, creating modern proving systems with smaller memory footprints and faster proving and verification times. This article looks at how these proofs can be used to verify certain small machine learning algorithms on-chain.

Elena
investing @a16zcrypto
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Blockchains have incentivized zero-knowledge proof research, creating modern proving systems w/ smaller memory footprints and faster proving & verification times — making it possible to verify certain small machine learning algorithms on-chain. https://t.co/NzvnXEX5BE
— Elena (@VirtualElena) April 5, 2023 -
ZKPs are useful for more than validity rollups and on-chain privacy. Recently, there have been notable efforts in putting larger and more complex models on-chain, leveraging the ability of ZKPs to succinctly represent and verify programs.
— Elena (@VirtualElena) April 5, 2023 -
There’s still work to be done, notably in representing larger models: accuracy may suffer in the process of converting a model’s architecture (layers, nodes, and activation functions), parameters, constraints, and matrix multiplication operations into a custom circuit.
— Elena (@VirtualElena) April 5, 2023 -
Still the space is robust and maturing quickly, with frameworks for verifying model authenticity, integrity, ingesting inputs from attested hardware, and doing decentralized inference (and training) on-chain.
— Elena (@VirtualElena) April 5, 2023 -
Thanks to @SuccinctJT, @danboneh, @guywuolletjr, @samrags_, @alive_eth, @cdixon, @eddylazzarin, @Tim_Roughgarden, @rhhackett, @Tim_Org for edits and/or inspiration and @jasonmorton, @LiaoPeiyuan, @tarunchitra, @BrianRetford, @daniel_d_kang, @theyisun, @AnnaRRose, @ModulusLabs,…
— Elena (@VirtualElena) April 5, 2023 -
Zero-knowledge proofs can be a system of checks & balances on machine-learning models and artificial intelligence. If you're working in this space, we'd love to hear from you! Feel free to reach out over DM or email https://t.co/NzvnXEX5BE
— Elena (@VirtualElena) April 5, 2023